They differ from those which would be appropriate to the general pressure pattern in that they are limited to near surface and are controlled by the strength of the daily solar cycle. Thermal, convective, drainage, and convective winds are all caused by local temperature differences generated over a comparatively small area by local terrain and weather. They may be influenced and modified considerably in the lower atmosphere by terrain and vegetative structure. Synoptic scale, gradient, free air, ridgetop are large-scale winds produced by broad scale pressure gradients between high- and low-pressure systems. Examples include frontal winds, Foehn winds, thunderstorm winds, whirlwinds, surfacing or low-level jets (reverse wind profiles), and glacier winds. This graphic of different winds shows generally the source elevation and duration of different general (synoptic), local (mesoscale), and gust (microscale) winds.Ĭritical winds dominate the fire environment and easily override local wind influences. Adjusting Surface (20 feet) Wind to Midflame Wind Speed.Worksheet for Estimating 20 feet Surface Winds.Estimating Surface (20 feet) Wind Speed in Mountain Terrain.
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